predominantly sandy, classified as loamy sand, sandy clay loam, and sandy loam.
low water-holding capacity, with low water content at both field capacity and the permanent wilting point.
ph and electric conductivity
ph levels range from slightly acidic to neutral.
very low electric conductivity, indicating low availability of soluble salts.
nutrient content and soil health
organic carbon and nutrients
high percentage of organic carbon (5.46% at coffee site), indicating fertile soil.
medium to low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
micro-nutrients and heavy metals
high quantities of aluminum, calcium, and iron, possibly from natural or anthropogenic sources.
presence of heavy metals like lead and mercury suggests contamination from human activities.
laboratory test result
parameter
coffee site
sen wood site
edem site
interpretation
c-organic (%)
5.46
5.00
3.79
low to medium
total nitrogen (n) (%)
0.45
0.36
0.35
medium
available phosphorus (p) (ppm)
10.85
8.91
10.12
low to very low
available potassium (k) (ppm)
177.83
167.7
188.67
medium
water content - permanent wilting point (%)
7.84
7.02
8.06
low
water content - field capacity (%)
33.37
34.84
32.16
medium
texture - sand (%)
78.56
74.06
80.38
loamy sand to sandy loam
texture - silt (%)
8.22
2.7
4.74
texture - clay (%)
13.22
23.25
14.89
ph
6.39
6.59
6.95
slightly acidic to neutral
electric conductivity (mmhos/cm)
0.36
0.34
0.21
very low
recommendations
incorporating organic matter like mature compost can improve soil structure and nutrient retention.
planting nitrogen-fixing crops will help replenish soil nitrogen levels naturally.
regular soil testing is recommended to monitor nutrient levels and prevent contamination.
conclusion
proper management practices can enhance soil productivity in cyber valley, supporting diverse agricultural activities while preserving environmental health.