flavonoids are a group of natural compounds found in fruits, vegetables, teas, and other plant-based foods. they are known for their strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties, playing a key role in promoting overall health and protecting against chronic diseases.
chemical properties
molecular structure: based on a 15-carbon skeleton (C₆-C₃-C₆) with two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon bridge.
molecular weight: varies depending on the specific flavonoid (e.g., quercetin: 302.24 g/mol, kaempferol: 286.23 g/mol).
solubility: most flavonoids are poorly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and DMSO.
flavonoids are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, targeting bacteria, fungi, and viruses by disrupting microbial membranes, inhibiting enzyme activity, and modulating immune responses. research highlights: