collective intelligence

• Aristotle: Wisdom of the Crowds: potluck feast - everyone contributes dishes

• M. Condorcet jury theorem

• W. M. Wheeler: superorganism

• Vernadsky Teilhard: noosphere

• Engelbart three people working together in this augmented mode [would] seem to be more than three times as effective in solving a complex problem as one augmented person working alone

• ant colonies, bee hives, and bird flocks

• complex problems (finding shortest paths to food, allocating tasks, or navigating long migrations) without central control. This led to the field of swarm intelligence

• Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), first proposed by Marco Dorigo

• Traveling Salesman Problem

• simple local rules ⇒ complex collective search and optimization

• Methods

  • random walk
  • stigmergy
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  • market
  • longest chain rule
  • conway’s game of life
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• emergence

• MIT Center for Collective Intelligence Thomas Malone

• c-factor Anita Williams Woolley

• https://gixstanford.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/woolley-et-al-2010.pdf

  • social sensitivity of group members
  • the equality in distribution of conversational turn-taking
  • and the proportion of females in the group.

• between human and machine collective intelligence are blurring