- the paradigm that nature has been computing all along
- forests compute nutrient allocation through mycorrhizal networks
- brains compute through parallel firing of billions of neurons
- immune systems compute pathogen responses through local cell interactions
- shared properties that traditional computation lacks
- inherent parallelism: every component processes simultaneously
- emergent behavior: complex global patterns from simple local rules
- self-organization: structure forms without external direction
- convergence: systems settle into stable states rather than deriving conclusions from axioms
- cyber formalizes these principles with the same rigor Turing brought to symbol manipulation
- the tri-kernel (diffusion, springs, heat kernel) maps directly to natural processes
- diffusion: gas wandering, synaptic chatter, species dispersal
- springs: elastic lattice, skeleton, food webs
- heat: thermostat, metabolism, seasons
- see convergent computation for the formal foundation
- see future of computation for the full article
- discover all concepts