proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids that perform a wide variety of functions in the body. they are essential for structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs, serving as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
chemical properties
molecular structure: composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming polypeptides that fold into specific three-dimensional shapes.
molecular weight: varies significantly depending on the protein (e.g., hemoglobin: ~64,500 g/mol).
solubility: solubility depends on the protein and its environment (e.g., pH, temperature); proteins can be soluble (e.g., albumin) or insoluble (e.g., keratin).
chemical formula: varies; general composition includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur (CHON).
usefulness in medicine
proteins are vital for muscle repair and growth, making them crucial for athletes and those recovering from injuries.
they play a central role in enzyme production, which facilitates biochemical reactions in the body.
certain proteins, such as defensins and lysozymes, exhibit direct antimicrobial activity by disrupting microbial cell walls and membranes. research highlights: