phytosterols

• phytosterols are naturally occurring, plant-derived sterols structurally similar to cholesterol. they are abundant in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, legumes, grains, fruits, and vegetables. phytosterols are primarily known for their cholesterol-lowering effects and their role as precursors to plant hormones such as brassinosteroids

• chemical properties

  • chemical structure: steroid nucleus with hydroxyl group, similar to cholesterol
  • solubility: insoluble in water; soluble in fats, oils, and organic solvents
  • main types include β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol

• usefulness in medicine

  • effectively lower ldl cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption, reducing cardiovascular disease risk
  • possess anti-inflammatory properties, beneficial in conditions such as arthritis and autoimmune disorders
  • studied for anticancer properties, particularly in prostate, breast, and colon cancers
  • beneficial effects on prostate health, notably through the reduction of benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) symptoms

• antimicrobial activity

  • phytosterols exhibit indirect antimicrobial activity by supporting immune function, reducing inflammation, and inhibiting microbial growth
  • bacteria:
    • staphylococcus aureus
    • escherichia coli
    • salmonella spp.
  • fungi:
    • candida albicans

• research highlights

  • phytosterols and cardiovascular health
  • antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of phytosterols