cananga

• selected for edem

  • cananga odorata

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    • products
      • flower:
    • high margin health
    • cananga_odorata
    • plantsofasia
    • type: fast growing tropical evergreen tree
    • properties
      • root: shallow to moderately deep fibrous system. adapted for tropical soils and erosion control
      • stem: upright trunk, flexible when young, grayish and lightly fissured with age
      • leaf: simple, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, dark green with smooth edges
        • Leaf Length: 8–20 cm
      • flower: drooping, star-shaped, long-petaled yellow-green to deep yellow flowers with intense fragrance
      • fruit: dark green to black, clustered ovoid drupes (~1.5 cm each)
      • bark: thin, slightly rough, light grey; aromatic when cut
      • timber: soft, light wood with aromatic quality; not used structurally
    • Environment: lowland tropical environments with full sun, high humidity, fertile soils, and well-distributed rainfall
      • Climate: humid equatorial or monsoon tropical climate; grows best in protected warm areas
        • Sun: 800–1000 W/m²
        • No Sun Days: 5–7 days
        • Water: 1500–2500 mm/year
        • No Water Days: 10–20 days
        • Humidity: 70–90 %
        • Fog Resistance: 5–7 days
        • Max Temp: 38 °C
        • Optimal Temp: 24–32 °C
        • Min Temp: 12 °C
        • Wind Damage: strong-dry, cold-dry, salty-coastal
        • Soil: rich loamy soil with good drainage, high in organic matter, not compacted
          • Soil Ph: 5.5–6.8
          • Soil Type: loamy, volcanic, humus-rich
        • Spacing: trees should be spaced 5–7 m apart for full canopy development
          • Good Neighbors: curcuma, zingiber, ocimum, etlingera
          • Bad Neighbors: eucalyptus, ficus
          • Max Height: 20 m
          • Max Spread: 10 m
        • lifecycle
          • Longevity: 40–50 years
          • Germination: seeds germinate in 20–40 days. require warmth and consistent humidity. soft scarification improves rate
          • Seedling: moderate growth rate. protection from wind and heavy rain helpful in early months
          • Mature: starts flowering in 2–3 years. produces flowers nearly year-round in optimal conditions
          • Death: declines gradually; root stress, poor pruning, or pest infestation may accelerate death in later stages
        • features: fragrant flowers, attract pollinators, aromatic, essential oil, fast growing
        • layer: canopy, sub-canopy
        • products: fresh flowers, essential oil, flower water, aromatherapy extract, ornamental tree
        • chemical compounds

          compound	plant part	% amount	description
          linalool	flower	10–25%	calming terpene alcohol. contributes floral aroma and sedative effect
          germacrene-D	flower	5–15%	sesquiterpene with woody floral scent. anti-inflammatory potential
          benzyl acetate	flower	10–20%	major contributor to floral aroma. soothing, used in perfumes
          benzyl benzoate	flower	5–15%	antimicrobial, antifungal, used in traditional skin applications
          caryophyllene	flower, leaf	1–3%	terpene with anti-inflammatory, analgesic properties
          methyl benzoate	flower	1–5%	sweet [[fragrances
          farnesol	flower	1–2%	fragrant sesquiterpene alcohol, antibacterial, smooths skin texture
          eugenol	flower, leaf	<1%	antiseptic, aromatic, mild anesthetic effect
          α-pinene	flower, leaf	0.5–1%	sharp-scented terpene, opens airways, anti-inflammatory
          sesquiterpenes alcohols	flower	trace–moderate	contributes to deep, lasting base notes of [[fragrances

        • operations
          • propagate plants: propagated by seed (fresh, viable for only a short time), softwood cuttings, or air-layering. seedling establishment best with warm humidity
          • maintenance: prune regularly after flowering to maintain size and airflow. mulch annually. requires well-drained soil and protection from strong wind
          • harvest:
            • fresh flowers: hand-picked early morning when fragrance is strongest
            • essential oil: steam-distilled from freshly opened flowers. yield ~0.2–0.3% by weight
            • flower water: hydrosol collected during distillation used in perfumery and skincare products

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