cananga odorata

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• 
• products
  • flower:
• high margin health
• cananga_odorata
• plantsofasia
• type: fast growing tropical evergreen tree
• properties
  • root: shallow to moderately deep fibrous system. adapted for tropical soils and erosion control
  • stem: upright trunk, flexible when young, grayish and lightly fissured with age
  • leaf: simple, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, dark green with smooth edges
    • Leaf Length: 8–20 cm
  • flower: drooping, star-shaped, long-petaled yellow-green to deep yellow flowers with intense fragrance
  • fruit: dark green to black, clustered ovoid drupes (~1.5 cm each)
  • bark: thin, slightly rough, light grey; aromatic when cut
  • timber: soft, light wood with aromatic quality; not used structurally
• Environment: lowland tropical environments with full sun, high humidity, fertile soils, and well-distributed rainfall
  • Climate: humid equatorial or monsoon tropical climate; grows best in protected warm areas
    • Sun: 800–1000 W/m²
    • No Sun Days: 5–7 days
    • Water: 1500–2500 mm/year
    • No Water Days: 10–20 days
    • Humidity: 70–90 %
    • Fog Resistance: 5–7 days
    • Max Temp: 38 °C
    • Optimal Temp: 24–32 °C
    • Min Temp: 12 °C
    • Wind Damage: strong-dry, cold-dry, salty-coastal
    • Soil: rich loamy soil with good drainage, high in organic matter, not compacted
      • Soil Ph: 5.5–6.8
      • Soil Type: loamy, volcanic, humus-rich
    • Spacing: trees should be spaced 5–7 m apart for full canopy development
      • Good Neighbors: curcuma, zingiber, ocimum, etlingera
      • Bad Neighbors: eucalyptus, ficus
      • Max Height: 20 m
      • Max Spread: 10 m
    • lifecycle
      • Longevity: 40–50 years
      • Germination: seeds germinate in 20–40 days. require warmth and consistent humidity. soft scarification improves rate
      • Seedling: moderate growth rate. protection from wind and heavy rain helpful in early months
      • Mature: starts flowering in 2–3 years. produces flowers nearly year-round in optimal conditions
      • Death: declines gradually; root stress, poor pruning, or pest infestation may accelerate death in later stages
    • features: fragrant flowers, attract pollinators, aromatic, essential oil, fast growing
    • layer: canopy, sub-canopy
    • products: fresh flowers, essential oil, flower water, aromatherapy extract, ornamental tree
    • chemical compounds

      compound	plant part	% amount	description
      linalool	flower	10–25%	calming terpene alcohol. contributes floral aroma and sedative effect
      germacrene-D	flower	5–15%	sesquiterpene with woody floral scent. anti-inflammatory potential
      benzyl acetate	flower	10–20%	major contributor to floral aroma. soothing, used in perfumes
      benzyl benzoate	flower	5–15%	antimicrobial, antifungal, used in traditional skin applications
      caryophyllene	flower, leaf	1–3%	terpene with anti-inflammatory, analgesic properties
      methyl benzoate	flower	1–5%	sweet [[fragrances
      farnesol	flower	1–2%	fragrant sesquiterpene alcohol, antibacterial, smooths skin texture
      eugenol	flower, leaf	<1%	antiseptic, aromatic, mild anesthetic effect
      α-pinene	flower, leaf	0.5–1%	sharp-scented terpene, opens airways, anti-inflammatory
      sesquiterpenes alcohols	flower	trace–moderate	contributes to deep, lasting base notes of [[fragrances

    • operations
      • propagate plants: propagated by seed (fresh, viable for only a short time), softwood cuttings, or air-layering. seedling establishment best with warm humidity
      • maintenance: prune regularly after flowering to maintain size and airflow. mulch annually. requires well-drained soil and protection from strong wind
      • harvest:
        • fresh flowers: hand-picked early morning when fragrance is strongest
        • essential oil: steam-distilled from freshly opened flowers. yield ~0.2–0.3% by weight
        • flower water: hydrosol collected during distillation used in perfumery and skincare products