mass
The intrinsic property of matter that resists acceleration and generates gravity.
- inertial mass: resistance to change in momentum under applied force
- gravitational mass: source of and response to gravity — equivalent to inertial mass
- related to energy by E = mc² — see relativity
- Higgs field gives elementary particles their rest mass
- momentum equals mass times velocity — see momentum
- determines curvature of spacetime in general relativity
- conserved in closed systems alongside energy and momentum