- 1844-1906. Austrian physicist and philosopher.
- Founded statistical mechanics, connecting microscopic particle behavior to macroscopic thermodynamics.
- Derived the entropy formula S = k * ln(W), linking entropy to the number of accessible microstates.
- Introduced the Boltzmann distribution, describing energy distribution across particles in thermal equilibrium.
- His statistical interpretation of entropy bridges thermodynamics, information theory, and computation.
- The Boltzmann constant k is a fundamental physical constant connecting temperature to energy.
- His framework applies wherever large numbers of agents produce emergent order, from gas molecules to knowledge graph link distributions.